Skip to content
Lesson 14 · past noun and adjective statements

Past forms of です and adjectives

Talk about yesterday: what someone was, how the weather felt, or what a book was like.

Coco-senseiCoco-sensei

Learn

For nouns and na-adjectives, change です to でした. 学生がくせい でした means “was a student,” and 元気げんき でした means “was well.” The noun or na-adjective stays the same.

For an i-adjective, change the adjective itself: remove the final い and add かった. Keep です at the end if you are speaking politely.

remove the final い and add かった

Exception

  • — いい changes to よかった, not いかった. It can mean “was good”; as a reaction, よかった can also express relief.

Keep the two patterns separate. For the i-adjective 寒さむい, use 寒さむかった です, not 寒さむい でした. The rule depends on the adjective group, not simply the last sound: a na-adjective such as きれい can take でした.

Examples

  • It was cold yesterday.

  • Ken was a student.

  • This book was interesting.

  • This coffee was hot.