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Lesson 23 · dictionary forms and polite forms

The polite verb form: ます

One form works with “I,” “you,” “she,” and “they.” Now learn how to build it.

Coco-senseiCoco-sensei

Learn

Japanese verbs do not change with the person or number of the subject. 飲のみます can describe “I drink,” “you drink,” or “she drinks.” The ます form is polite and nonpast: context can give it a habitual or future meaning.

The form listed in a dictionary is called the dictionary form. To change it to ます, first identify the verb’s group. Learn the group with each verb; the final る alone does not tell you whether a verb belongs to Group 1 or Group 2.

change the final u-row kana to its i-row counterpart, then add ます

remove る and add ます

learn these two forms

Do not apply the Group 1 rule to a Group 2 verb. 食たべる is Group 2: remove る and add ます to get 食たべます, not 食たべります.

Examples

  • I drink coffee.

  • Ken listens to music.

  • I watch a movie.

  • I study Japanese.